Socialistic Government Hates its Disciples

Swedish citizens hold their government in a higher regard than their parents and siblings studies reveal. Is this citizenry appropriation of admiration reciprocated? No. The Swedish government has enacted a full bore program of replacement migration. The government has declared the vibrancy of the new population outweighs the value of the native population. The government declares the natives have a stale valueless culture. This is the end game of a populace that subjugates itself to the paternalism of the state. The state eviscerates the blood and the soul of the populace, blatantly, in front of the unarmed population. There is no shame. This not a quick release, a death that could be termed a sweet blissful journey to the great beyond. No. This is a blood thirsted craftsmen of cruelty slowly and profanely basking in the pain and the tortured cries of its victims. The populace realize they are being led to a inhumane tortured demise, but in a mind controlled trance, the victims willingly glides to their place amongst their brethren and affixes the hooks of the states propaganda into their muscle and sinew and are violently and knowingly thrusted from one blissful willing altruistic suicidal daydream  to a blood filled bath of prolonged torture of themselves, their families, and their communities. This is socialism. Socialism is propaganda that serves to entrance the population to the point that they assist in their own tortured demise.

Election interference is home grown, not Russian born

It was approximately one year ago, when angry tweeters alleged that Jack Dorsey et al., were purposefully censoring and “suppressing” certain content on Twitter, namely anything to do with the leaked DNC and John Podesta emails, as well as hashtags critical of Hillary Clinton while “shadow-banning” pro-Donald Trump content.

We can now confirm that at least one part of the above was true, because during today’s Senate hearing, Twitter admitted it “buried”, which is another word for censored, significant portions of tweets related to hacked emails from the Democratic National Committee and Clinton campaign chair John Podesta in the months heading into the 2016 presidential campaign.

As Daily Caller’s Peter Hasson reports, Twitter’s systems hid 48 percent of tweets using the #DNCLeak hashtag and 25 percent of tweets using #PodestaEmails, Twitter general counsel Sean Edgett said in his written testimony to the Senate Judiciary Committee on Tuesday.

Our own media is colluding with the Democratic Party to advance the interests of that party at the expense of the American public.

Leftism is dead and is replaced with totalitarianism

Liberals used to consider population control a necessary part of any sane talking point regarding sustainable environmentalism. In fact, population control was deemed a top concern by the Sierra Club. Unfortunately, the Sierra Club has been taken over by globalist elites who prefer cheap labor to environmental issues. At what point is the population in a country too much? Is there a preferable population density per square mile? As population increases anxiety increases. Violent crime increases.
     Al Gore used to encourage urban dwelling versus country sprawl. However, as there is more sprawl, more property per person, there is less overall population. Having a metropolis with a dense population that exceeds the environmental capacity to sustain these people is not natural. A relatively self sustained agrarian society that is able to sustain their own individual needs without thrusting this burden upon their neighbors is a society that will be able to survive and protect the environment for a longer duration of time.
     Larger population densities per square mile necessitates larger energy use per square mile, more food resources per square mile, more waste per square mile, more water, less green space, more carbon dioxide/monoxide, etc, etc.
     Leftist societies that control the political landscape of civilization. With this being the case, leftists have been pushing to expand our populations to numbers never seen before.  Immigration is promoted as a righteous act of rescuing third world migrants from their poor states of life. However, aren't these poor states of life typically the result of exploding populations that are unmanageable by their governing bodies? Africa and Asia have exploding populations and are also the continents with the lowest per capita incomes. Should the western world be emulating this model? Should we be forcing our populations to be mirroring the populations of these countries? Mass migration from these less developed countries to our more developed countries is not altruism, it is self destruction. As western countries become more populous with an uneducated, unskilled, and poor population, this will result in a welfare society. The social stratification will become more pronounced. There will be more war, more crime, more unhappiness and less freedoms.
     A strict limit on immigration for all developed countries is necessary to sustain our values, culture, limited resources, and to stem the rising taxation, welfare utilization, and promote freedom. Yet, the intellectual elites in concert with the NSA have pushed for increased immigration as a means for increasing the GDP. Increasing the GDP is a worthy goal, but if the immigrants are bringing little skill and needs a higher welfare than the native population, thereby causing an increase in state expenditure, then the GDP increase is offset.
     The USA is in financial turmoil. I don't think I need to write about that in this blog. I would believe most people in the country believe we are facing financial ruin. By adding more migrants that depend on the welfare state, we are increasing our debt proportionally, it is only a matter of time before insolvency is inescapable. The charade can last only so long before the facts outweigh the narrative.
     We do not need more highly skilled workers from foreign countries. What we do need are less university sociology degree mills. The universities are responsible for ensuring they are training their students for jobs that are pertinent. It is wholly unacceptable for a university to ask taxpayers and the students to pay for a $200,000 tuition without any proof of a benefit. Universities claim a B.A. degree is associated with a higher income per year. This is not enough. There are far too many variables that are not accounted for in this simple statistic. What is true and cannot be denied is the fact that corporations claim that the populace does not have the necessary training to conduct certain high skill jobs. Universities, and the citizen consumers, need to ensure these high skill jobs are being trained for in the our country. I find it odd that a lesser developed country such as India or China has the capabilities to produce workers for these high skill jobs. This should not be happening. This country pays far too much on education to be lagging less developed countries. And if that is the case, we as a country cannot find this an acceptable outcome. If I were to go to a car lot and buy a $200,000 automobile I would want to know exactly what I was buying and what I would expect to get from this car. At a university you receive a B.A. with an unknown proof of concept, this is unacceptable. Universities and industry need to become inextricably tied to produce the types of jobs necessary for todays high skill market. What we do not need are more "free thinkers" who pontificate and lecture the population at large about our individual shortcomings.

NYT population editorial

This Month in Anesthesia: December

Sir Humphry Davy 
[1830 engraving based on the painting by 

Sir Thomas Lawrence]

THIS MONTH IN ANESTHESIA HISTORY: DECEMBER

1298 December 24: Theodoric of Lucca, Italian physician and bishop, died. He developed the "soporific sponges" soaked with opium and mandragora, for surgical pain relief. [See Juvin P, Desmonts JM. The ancestors of inhalational anesthesia: the Soporific Sponges (XIth-XVIIth

centuries): how a universally recommended medical technique was abruptly discarded. Anesthesiology. 2000 Jul;93(1):265-9]

1778 December 17: Humphry Davy was born in Penzance, Cornwall, England. In 1799 in Bristol, England, Davy became the first person to breath nitrous oxide. In 1800 he published a massive book, Researches, Chemical and Philosophical, chiefly concerning Nitrous Oxide . . . and its Respiration, about the laboratory, animal and human experiments on gases that he, Dr. Thomas Beddoes, and numerous others conducted at Beddoes' Pnemautic Medical Institute. In this book he suggested that nitrous oxide could be used to relieve the pain of some surgeries. After moving to London in 1801, Davy's scientific achievements made him one of the luminaries of the age. He discovered several new elements, was a pioneer in the new field of electrochemistry, and lectured before large audiences. One of his best-known achievements was a very practical one--a miner's lamp designed to dissipate the heat of the flame and thus less likely to ignite the methane gas present in mines. Davy became a fellow of the Royal Society in 1803 and served as its president from 1820 to 1827. He was knighted in 1812 and died in 1829. 

1780 December 26: English physician John Fothergill died in London. Among many other accomplishments, this devout Quaker was the first to accurately describe migraines, and recognized that hardening of the arteries could cause chest pain. In 1744 he published an account of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to revive the apparently dead. Fothergill was also the first to recognize the symptoms of diphtheria and maintained an extensive botanical garden near Stratford which contained plants from all over the world.  Fothergill was born on March 8, 1712, in Wensleydale, Yorkshire. 

John Fothergill, M.D.  by Gilbert Stuart

1799 December 6: The great Scottish chemist Joseph Black, who isolated carbon dioxide, died. Among numerous others, Black taught Thomas Beddoes when the latter was a medical student at the University of Edinburgh in the 1780s. At the time of his death Black and James Watt were duplicating in Birmingham Beddoes and Davy's work with nitrous oxide in Bristol.

 
Mezzotint engraving of Joseph Black by James Heath after Sir Henry Raeburn

1808 December 24: Dr. Thomas Beddoes died.  He received his M.D. from Oxford in 1786. In the late 1780s Dr. Beddoes began attempts to implement Joseph Priestley's idea for the therapeutic applications of "factitious airs" or gases. By 1798 Beddoes had established the Pneumatic Institute in Clifton, England, and hired the teenage Humphry Davy as Research Director. Their experiments with nitrous oxide and many other gases began the following year. His Notice of Some Observations made at the Medical Pneumatic Institution (I799) is the first substantial publication about human respiration of nitrous oxide. Among numerous other medical and political works, Beddoes authored the classic Observations on the Nature of Demonstrative Evidence [1793], the first work in English to discuss the great German philosopher Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Beddoes was born at Shifnal, Shropshire, England, on April 13, 1760.

Thomas Beddoes, M.D.

1844 December 10: Dentist Horace Wells attended a demonstration of nitrous oxide inhalation at Union Hall in Hartford, Connecticut. At this exhibition by Gardner Quincy Colton, Wells conceived the notion of pain relief by gas inhalation, and thus rediscovered an idea Humphry Davy expressed over four decades earlier. However, Wells quickly put the idea into practice. Later in the century Colton single-handedly revived interest in nitrous oxide for dentistry.

1844 December 11: Colton administered nitrous oxide to Wells while another dentist, Dr. John M. Riggs, extracted one of Wells' teeth. This event is thus the first dental use of nitrous oxide.

1846 December 15: Ether anesthesia was first administered in Paris, France. The anesthetic was given by Francis Willis Fisher [1821-1877], a young physician from Boston, for the excision by the French surgeon Jobert of a large cancer on the lower lip of a 59 year-old man. The surgery was performed at St. Louis Hospital. In January 1847 Fisher administered successful anesthesia for cases of two other French surgeons, A.Velpeau and P.J. Roux.  Fisher, an 1845 graduate of Harvard Medical School, lived in Paris from about November 1846 through February 1847. His account of the first Parisian ether anesthetic was published in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal in 1847 as “The Ether Inhalation in Paris.” [36:109-113]. 

1846 December 19: English dentist James Robinson administered ether for removal of a diseased molar tooth from a young female patient.

1846 December 21: The first surgical anesthetic with ether is administered in England by William Squire during surgery by Robert Liston. Liston may have given ether to Squire's assistant on either the 19th or 20th as he, William and Peter Squire worked on suitable equipment and technique.

1847 December 7: Robert Liston, first surgeon in England to use ether, died.

1849 December: Crawford Long finally published an account of his 1842 administrations of ether anesthesia in the Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. 

1857 December 3: Carl Koller was born. In the early 1880s he was a house surgeon at the Vienna General Hospital and along with his friend Sigmund Freud studied the physiological effects of cocaine. Freud eventually lost interest, but Koller continued the research and in 1884 discovered the local anesthetic properties of the drug when he injected a weak solution of cocaine into the eye of a frog. Koller died in 1944.

Carl Koller 

1868 December: A committee formed in April by the Odontological Society of Great Britain and the Committee of Management of the Dental Hospital of London to investigate nitrous oxide made its first report. The report recommended the elimination of air inhalation during nitrous oxide administration but also stresses the potential dangers of this method.

1887 December 1: Sherlock Holmes first appears in print in Arthur Conan Doyle's novel A Study in Scarlet, first published in Beeton’s Chritsmas Annual. [see Maltby JR. Sherlock Holmes and anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 35:58-62, 1988 and Bergman NA. Sherlock Holmes and his gasogene. Pharos58(3): 35-37, summer 1995]

Arthur Conan Doyle

1896 December 10: Alfred Jarry's legendary avant-garde play Ubu Roi opens and closes in Paris. Jarry's play was so scandalous that the audience rioted for fifteen minutes; the spectacle made the young writer famous His other prose and theatrical works also enraged tender French sensibilities, but his work has influenced such artistic movements as Dadaism, Cubism and Surrealism and artists ranging from Picasso to the Marx Brothers and Monty Python. Born in 1873, Jarry was addicted to absinthe and substituted ether sniffing when he could not afford his favorite drink. He died in 1907 at aged 34.

Alfred Jarry

1901 December 17:  Janet G. Travell, a pioneer in the treatment of myofascial pain, wa born in New York City. She was co-author of the two-volume classic Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. From 1961 to 1963 she served as personal physician to President John F. Kennedy. Dr. Travell died in 1997. You can read more about her in Wilson VP. Janet G. Travell, MD: A Daughter's Recollection. Tex Heart Inst J 30(1):8-12, 2003.  

1907 December 2: Longtime chief of anesthesia at Charity Hospital in New Orleans John Adriani was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut. He published 13 books and more than 650 articles. He died on June 14, 1968. 

1919 December 18: Dr. Francis McMechan met with representatives from several equipment and pharmaceutical companies that sold products for anesthesia. He wanted them to support research in the field by journal publication and an organization devoted to education and research. The National Anesthesia Research Society resulted from this meeting and in a few years became the International Anesthesia Research Society. A good overview of McMechan’s importance to organized anesthesia is Bacon DR. Francis Hoeffer McMechan, MD: Creator of Modern Anesthesiology? Anesth Analg 2012 Dec; 115: 1393-1400

1945 December 28: American novelist Theodore Dreiser died at age 74 in Hollywood, California. Dreiser's best known works are probably his novels Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy. In February 1915 Dreiser published in Smart Set magazine his one-act play "Laughing Gas" in which a physician having surgery has a mystical experience while under nitrous oxide anesthesia. [see Wright AJ. Theodore Dreiser's "Laughing Gas." Anesth Analg 69:391-392, 1989] Dreiser was born on August 27, 1871, in Sullivan, Indiana. 

Theodore Dreiser c.1910s

1982 December: The first issue of the Newsletter of the Anesthesia History Association was published. The organization, founded by Drs. Selma Calmes and Rod Calverley, was the first in the world devoted to the specialty’s history. In 1995 the publication became the Bulletin of Anesthesia History. In 2015 another change took place; the Journal of Anesthesia History is currently published by Elsevier for the society. All issues of the Newsletter and Bulletin can be found here. 

2000 December 31: Dr. Hiram Elliot died in Birmingham, Alabama. A 1938 graduate of the University of Tennessee School of Medicine, Dr. Elliot became one of the earliest physicians in Alabama to devote his practice to anesthesia. In March, 1948, Dr. Elliot, along with Drs. Alice McNeal, Alfred Habeeb and E. Bryce Robinson, Jr., founded the Alabama State Society of Anesthesiologists. In 1973 Dr. Elliot founded the Anesthesiology Department at Brookwood Hospital and practiced there until his retirement in 1991. An obituary for Dr. Elliot was published in the Birmingham News on January 2, 2001. He was born in Mississippi on June 18, 1913.

liberal mob

liberal mob
1.jack ryan
2.duke lacrosse
3.tawana brawley
4.trisha meili
5.damien "football" williams, maxine waters
6.lemrick nelson, janet reno

This Month in Anesthesia: November

This Month in Anesthesia History: November 1793 November 28: Antoine Lavoisier surrendered to the French revolutionary government. He was imprisoned and executed by guillotine on May 8, 1794. Known as the “father of modern chemistry,” he named oxygen and hydrogen among many other achievements. 1815 November 1::Crawford W. Long was born in Danielsville, Georgia. On the afternoon of March 30, 1842, in Jefferson, Georgia, Dr. Long removed a small tumor from the neck of James Venable while the patient remained calm after breathing ether vapor. Thus Long performed the first surgical operation under ether anesthesia. Long continued to use ether in several other operations, but failed to report his achievement until after William Morton's public demonstration of ether anesthesia in October, 1846. Crawford W. Long, M.D. 1821 November 9: French writer Charles Baudelaire was born in Paris . Although probably best known for his poetry collectionLesFleurs du mal  [Flowers of Evil, first edition 1857], Baudelaire was also a literary and art critic and beginning in 1848 translated many works of Poe into French. His own dark poetry, often fueled by sessions of hashish smoking, was very controversial during his lifetime. In his essay "Poem of Hashish" [1895], he made some interesting observations about anesthesia: "Despite the admirable services which ether and chloroform have rendered to humanity, it seems to me that from the point of view of the idealist philosophy the same moral stigma is branded on all modern inventions which tend to diminish human free will and necessary pain. It was not without a certain admiration that I once listened to the paradox of an officer who told me of the cruel operation undergone by a French general at El-Aghouat, and of which, despite chloroform, he died. This general was a very brave man, and even something more: one of those souls to which one naturally applies the term chivalrous. It was not, he said to me, chloroform that he needed, but the eyes of all the army and the music of its bands. That might have saved him. The surgeon did not agree with the officer, but the chaplain would doubtless have admired these sentiments." Baudelaire died in Paris from the ravages of syphilis on August 31, 1867, at age 46.   Charles Baudelaire ca. 1863 1832 November 26: American author Louisa May Alcott was born in Germantown, now a part of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is perhaps best known for her novels Little Women and its sequel, Little Men [1871]. However, she also published several successful thrillers under the pseudonym A.B. Barnard. Alcott worked as a nurse for six weeks at a Union hospital in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War, and her first significant work, Hospital Sketches [1863] resulted from that experience. This book includes descriptions of the brutal treatment of the wounded soldiers of that time; Alcott observes that "the merciful magic of ether" was not always used in surgery. After contracting typhoid pneumonia during this period, Alcott was treated with large doses of calomel, a compound containing mercury. For the rest of her life, until her death on March 6, 1888, the long-term side effects led her to self-medicate with opium and morphine. Opium addiction is explored in some of her later writings, such as The Marble Woman; or, The Mysterious Model. Louisa May Alcott about age 25 1846 November 7: Surgeon George Hayward performed a leg amputation and a lower jaw removal under ether anesthesia at the Massachusetts General Hospital.  These surgeries were the third and fourth at which Boston dentist William Thomas Green Morton served as anesthetist. 1846 November 9: Henry J. Bigelow, junior surgeon at the Massachusetts General Hospital, reported on Morton's four successful ether anesthetics at a meeting of the Boston Society for Medical Improvements. 1846 November 12: Letter patent no. 4848 was issued to Charles T. Jackson and William T.G. Morton for 10% of all profits on the use of ether in surgical operations. Because of vociferous opposition from the medical and dental communities to such a patent, Jackson and Morton quickly made their discovery known and freely available. 1846 November 12: The first surgery in private practice under ether anesthesia in Boston took place on this date. J. Mason Warren, son of John Collins Warren, was the surgeon. 1846 November 18: Bigelow's account of Morton’s October administrations at Massachusetts General Hospital was published in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, launching the spread of ether anesthesia around the world. 1846 November 21: In a letter to William T.G. Morton, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., suggested the word "anaesthesia" to describe the mental state produced by the inhalation of ether vapor.   Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. 1847 November 8: In Edinburgh, Scotland, James Young Simpson introduced chloroform into clinical practice. The patient was Wilhelmina Carstairs, daughter of a physician. 1856 November 10: At London's King's College Hospital, John Snow made the first clinical administration of amylene, a gas he had extensively investigated in animals. By July, 1857, Snow abandoned use of the gas after two of his patients died. In the summer of 1857 a New York physician, John G. Orton, published two accounts in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal of his use of amylene in a toenail extraction and an obstetric case. Dr. Orton noted that he had obtained the amylene from John Snow. There is a fascinating footnote to the amylene story. In a March 2, 1857, letter, the Paris correspondent of the New York Times reported excitedly on an operation with amylene "for necrosis of the tibia" that he had witnessed. The reporter noted of the patient, "She did not go to sleep, and yet she felt no pain; her eyes remained open during the whole operation, which lasted nearly an hour...." A purified form of amylene, pental (trimethyl ethylene), gained some popularity in Germany and the United Kingdom until the end of the century. 1868 November: Dr. Edmund Andrews published in the Chicago Medical Examiner a paper proposing administration of nitrous oxide with oxygen in a premixed combination of 80 to 20 percent. 1879 November 4: American humorist and author Will Rogers was born in Indian Territory [what is now Oklahoma].  Rogers had a long career on stage, radio and in films; he also wrote some 4,000 syndicated newspaper columns and six books. He was especially known for his political humor. Among his books is Ether & Me...or Just Relax [1937, reprinted in 1973], a humorous account of a visit to the dentist. Along with famed pilot Wiley Post, Rogers died in a plane crash near Point Barrow, Alaska, on August 15, 1935. Will Rogers 1883 November 13: James Marion Sims, a surgeon famous for his vesicovaginal operation, died. After Morton's October, 1846, public demonstration of ether anesthesia in Boston, Sims urged Georgia physician Crawford Long to publish an account of operations using ether that Long had performed in 1842. Long's account finally appeared in the December 1849, issue of the Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. Sims was born on January 21, 1813, in South Carolina and received his M.D. from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia in 1835. For some years he practiced in Montgomery, Alabama, but in 1853 moved to New York where two years later he opened the world's first hospital for women. He served a term as President of the American Medical Association in 1876-77. James Marion Sims, M.D.  1884 November 15: Vassily von Anrep published the first extensive account of clinical use of cocaine in a Russian journal. 1894 November 30: Ernst Amory Codman [1869-1940] and Harvey Cushing introduced the anesthetic record on or before this date. 1905 November 5: Actor Joel McCrea was born. In addition to numerous other roles, McCrea starred as William T.G. Morton in The Great Moment [1944], a film biography directed by Preston Sturges. 2001 November 9: The second annual National Anaesthesia Day is held in Great Britain under the auspices of the Royal College of Anaesthetists. The first celebration was held May 25, 2000. 2005 November 5: British novelist John Fowles died at the age of 79. Well-known for such later novels as The Magus and The French Lieutenant's Woman, Fowles achieved critical and commercial success early with his first novel, The Collector [1963]. That novel tells the story of Frederick Clegg, a meek clerk and butterfly collector who decides to elevate his collecting and kidnaps beautiful art student Miranda Grey as she is walking home from class. Clegg uses a rag soaked in chloroform to subdue her. A film version of the novel appeared in 1965 and featured Terence Stamp as Clegg and Samantha Eggar as Grey. Both novel and film have extended scenes of the criminal use of chloroform. Fowles was born in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, England, on March 31, 1926. [For more information on such real-life uses of chloroform, see Payne JP. The criminal use of chloroform. Anaesthesia. 1998 Jul;53(7):685-90]

This Month in Anesthesia: September

This Month in Anesthesia History: September

An earlier version of the calendar, from which this listing was taken, is on the Anesthesia History Association WWW site at http://ahahq.org/Calendar/Calendar.php

Notes about other anesthesia and medical history calendars are there and in the PDF version. 

I am continually adding/revising entries. Suggestions welcome. A public PDF of the latest version is at http://tinyurl.com/kkbleqz

Many items related to anesthesia history can be found in my Twitter feed at http://twitter.com/@AJWrightMLS

--A.J. Wright, MLS 

Birmingham, Alabama, U.S.A. 

 

 

John Snow, M.D.

This Month in Anesthesia History: September

1637 September 8: Robert Fludd, an English physician, philosopher and inventor, died. Fludd was one of the earliest physicians to time the pulse.

1677 September 7 [or 17]: Englishman Stephen Hales was born in Bekesbourne, Kent. While a divinity student at Cambridge, he studied botany and chemistry. Hales, who became Vicar of Teddington in 1709, was the first to measure blood flow, blood volume and blood pressure. He reported the results in Statical Essays. Hales also researched the role of air and water in plant and animal life, and developed a ventilator that saved lives aboard ships, and in hospitals and prisons. He demonstrated that the spinal cord mediates some reflexes and invented the surgical forceps. In 1717 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded its Copley Medal in 1739. You can learn more about this fascinating man in I.B. Smith’s article, “The impact of Stephen Hales on medicine” published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1993 [86: 349-352]. Hales died in Teddington on January 4, 1761.

Stephen Hales

1791 September 22: English chemist and physicist Michael Faraday was born at Newington, Surrey, near London. In 1818 Faraday, then a student of Humphry Davy at the Royal Institution in London, published a brief anonymous article in the Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts in which he noted the lethargic state that could be produced by the inhalation of ether vapor. Faraday is best known for his pioneering experiments in electricity and magnetism. He died on August 25, 1867. Recent biographies are Michael Faraday by Geoffrey Cantor et al (1996) and A Life of Discovery : Michael Faraday, Giant of the Scientific Revolution by James Hamilton (2004).

Michael Faraday

1792 September 27: English caricaturist George Cruikshank was born. In his long career Cruikshank provided illustrations for hundreds of popular books, including John Scoffern's Chemistry No Mystery[1839]. The frontispiece for this title (and the only illustration in the book) depicts the effects of nitrous oxide inhalation at a classroom demonstration. Scoffern's otherwise serious chemistry text contains an entire chapter devoted to such a demonstration. Cruikshank also did several famous caricatures related to pain. Cruikshank, who produced more than 15,000 drawings during his long career, died in 1878.

1811 September 30: On this date English novelist and diarist Fanny Burney underwent a mastectomy for suspected breast cancer; she refused any drugs or alcohol except a wine cordial. One of Burney's best known works is Evelina, or The History of A Young Lady's Entrance into the World, her first novel published anonymously in 1778. When her authorship of the popular novel became known, Burney's fame was assured. In 1802 Burney and her family moved to France, where they remained for ten years. Between March and May 1812, Burney wrote a detailed letter describing her experience of surgery without anesthesia. The letter, along with the doctors' report written on October 1, 1811, can be found in Hemlow J, et al, eds.,  The Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney (Madame d'Arblay)(Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1975, Vol. VI, pp. 596-616). Burney, who was born June 13, 1752, died on January 6, 1840. 

1818 September 26: English obstetrician and physiologist James Blundell was the first to transfuse human blood into another human. Earlier efforts at transfusion had used animal blood. Although the patient in this initial attempt died, Blundell continued his efforts in a total of ten patients, five of whom survived. Blundell published a physiology and pathology text in 1824 and books on obstetrics [1834] and diseases in women [1837]. An article about his transfusion work is Myhre BA. James Blundell--pioneer transfusionist. Transfusion 35:74-78, 1995; an article about his entire professional career is Young JH. James Blundell (1790-1878): Experimental physiologist and obstetrician. Medical History8:159-169, 1964.

1832 September 1: Ephraim Cutter, American physician and inventor of the laryngoscope, was born. Cutter died in New York on April 25, 1917. In its brief obituary, the British Medical Journal noted that “He was one of the early American laryngologists, and invented many instruments.” He received his undergraduate degree from Yale in 1852 and medical degree from Harvard in 1856. On a visit to Europe in 1862, Cutter met the German physiologist Johann N. Czermak and viewed the photograph Czermak had made of his own larynx. In November 1865 Cutter spent a week testing apparatus and methods with photographer F. Willard Hardy as he photographed Cutter’s larynx. In addition to this work and his many instrument designs, Cutter was a prolific author of medical papers on many topics and a pioneer of microphotography. An 1867 paper in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal [now the New England Journal of Medicine] was entitled “On the modes of administration of systemic anaesthetics.”

1846 September 7: Gilbert Abbott consulted Boston surgeon John Collins Warren about a tumor on his neck. Surgery was scheduled for October 13 at Massachusetts General Hospital.

1846 September 30: Boston dentist William Thomas Green Morton anesthetized his patient Eben H. Frost and successfully removed an ulcerated tooth. Frost had requested that Morton mesmerize (hypnotize) him, but the dentist--who had been searching for a pain-relieving agent--tried sulfuric ether instead. Morton's mentor, Harvard professor Charles Thomas Jackson, had suggested sulfuric ether. This event served as prelude to Morton's successful ether anesthesia for surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital on October 16 and 17. See  Haridas RP. Ebenezer Hopkins Frost. Anesthesiology. 2012 Aug;117(2):442-5 and Levasseur R, Desai SP. Ebenezer Hopkins Frost (1824-1866): William T.G. Morton's First Identified Patient and Why He Was Invited to the Ether Demonstration of October 16, 1846. Anesthesiology. 2012 Aug;117(2):238-42.

1849 September 1: Outbreak of the Broad Street pump cholera epidemic in London began. This epidemic would be investigated by the great anesthetist John Snow. A recent biography of Snow is Vinten-Johansen P, et al, Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow[Oxford University Press, 2003]. 

John Snow, M.D.

1852 September 23: American surgeon William Stewart Halsted was born in New York City. See note for September 7, 1922, below.

1854 September 20: The Crimean War began with a Franco-British victory over Russian forces in the Battle of Alma. This war “was the first major conflict in which anesthesia was used extensively on the battlefield.” [For an overview of early military uses of anesthesia, see Houghton IT. Some observations on early military anaesthesia. Anaesth Intens Care 34, suppl 1: 6-15, June 2006] Chloroform was widely used by both British and Russian forces.

1866 September 21: Author Herbert George Wells was born in Bromley, England. Wells wrote The Time Machine [1895], War of the Worlds [1898] and other classic novels as well as many short stories, essays, and non-fiction works. In his story "Under the Knife," first included in a collection published in 1897, the narrator undergoes an operation at home. While under chloroform anesthesia, he has a near-death experience. "I do not think I saw. I do not think I heard; but I perceived all that was going on, and it was as if I both heard and saw. Haddon was bending over me, Mowbray behind me; the scalpel...was cutting my flesh..." Wells died on August 13, 1946. 

H. G. Wells 

1869 September 17: Physician and famed thesaurus-maker Peter Mark Roget died. In 1799 Roget, just out of medical school, worked in Humphry Davy's laboratory at the Pneumatic Institute in Clifton, England, where Davy, Dr. Thomas Beddoes, and many others were researching nitrous oxide. Among Roget's many publications was the biographical entry on Beddoes in an early edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Roget was born on January 18, 1779, in London.

1873 September 8: French author Alfred Jarry was born; his family background included both nobility and insanity. At age 23 his play “Ubu Roi” premiered in Paris; its scandalous nature caused a riot. The outrageousness of that play and Jarry's other writings make him seem the godfather of much 20th century art--from Surrealism to the Marx Brothers and Monty Python. Jarry died of tuberculosis in 1907, after years of addiction to opium, absinthe and ether. 

1884 September 15: A colleague of Dr. Carl Koller's reported to the Heidelberg Congress of Ophthalmology Koller's successful use of cocaine as a local anesthetic.

1888 September 26: Poet and playwright Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis. One of the great English-language poems of the twentieth-century, Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," was first published in Poetry magazine in June 1915. Eliot had actually completed the poem several years earlier. This portrait of modern spiritual and emotional paralysis opens with the lines "Let us go then, you and I,/When the evening is spread out against the sky/Like a patient etherized upon a table..." The month after its publication, Eliot married Vivien Haigh-Wood, who later became addicted to ether; she died in 1945. Their relationship is depicted in the 1994 film Tom and Viv. Eliot moved to London in 1915, where he died in 1965. Among his other many famous works is the long poem The Waste Land. Eliot won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1948.

T. S. Eliot, 1934

1889 September 23: English author Wilkie Collins died. Collins wrote such classic novels as The Woman in White [1860] and The Moonstone [1868]. Some of his works, including Man and Wife and The Haunted Hotel, feature non-medical uses of chloroform. Collins was born on January 8, 1824. 

Wilkie Collins

1921 September 15: Gordon Stanley Ostlere, English surgeon and anesthesiologist, was born. Under the penname Richard Gordon, Dr. Ostlere has written, among other novels, the humorous "Doctor in the House" series of books that have spawned films and television and radio series in Britain. Under his own name he has published Anaesthetics for Medical Students in 1949; the tenth edition appeared as Ostlere and Bryce-Smith's Anaesthetics for Medical Students in 1989. Dr. Ostlere also authored Anaesthetics and the Patient (1949) and Trichlorethylene Anaesthesia (1953). 

1922 September 7: American surgeon William Stewart Halsted died in Baltimore, Maryland. Halsted was one of the founders of Johns Hopkins Medical School, and the first pair of rubber surgical gloves were made under his direction by the Goodyear Rubber Company. He also pioneered many surgical techniques, studied hemostasis and wound healing, and contributed many articles to the medical literature. Along with William H. Welch, William Osler, and Howard Kelly, Halsted is one of "The Four Doctors" in John Singer Sargent's famous 1905 painting. Halsted was one of the first American surgeons to research cocaine as a local anesthetic and his self-experimentation led to addiction. He was born on September 23, 1852, in New York City. A recent article about Halsted is Markel H. The accidental addict. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):966-8.

1939 September 23: Sigmund Freud died in London at age 83. In the mid-1880s Freud and Carl Koller [see 1884 September 15] studied the physiological effects of cocaine.

1941 September: Thomas Keys, librarian at the Mayo Clinic, began publication of a series of five articles entitled "The Development of Anesthesiology" in the journal Anesthesiology (2:552-574, Sept 1941). This series eventually resulted in Keys' classic book, The History of Surgical Anesthesia, first published in 1945 and still in print today. Keys was born in 1902 in Greenville, Mississippi. He graduated from the University of Chicago’s Graduate Library School in 1934 and immediately went to work at the Mayo Clinic library. He remained there in various capacities until his retirement in 1972. He authored or co-authored numerous papers related to various aspects of the history of medicine. Keys died in 1995; an obituary can be found in Bull Med Libr Assoc 85(2): 219-220, April 1997 which is here.

1952 September 21: At a medical meeting Dr. Virginia Apgar made the first formal presentation of her newborn scoring system. 

1955 September 10: The television western series Gunsmoke premiered on the CBS network. The program lasted until March 1975 and produced 635 episodes. A radio version ran from 1952 until 1961. Since one of the regular characters was a physician, Galen “Doc” Adams, a number of shows featured medical topics. In “Doctor’s Wife”, for instance, Doc Adams and a new physician in town have a spirited debate over the value of Joseph Lister’s use of carbolic acid spray to fight wound sepsis in surgery. Several episodes have some connection to anesthesia. “Laughing Gas” [which also appeared in a radio version] features a former gunfighter whose medicine show includes demonstrations of nitrous oxide inhalation. In “Gold Train: The Bullet” Sheriff Matt Dillon is attacked and wounded with a bullet near his spine. Although at first reluctant, Doc finally decides to operate with saloon owner Kitty Russell as his anesthetist. She is seen dripping the anesthetic liquid from a small bottle onto a mask over Matt’s face before Doc begins surgery. "Miss Kitty" also serves as anesthetist in a surgery scene in "The Pillagers". She and Dr. Newly O'Brien are prisoners of an outlaw gang hiding out in an abandoned mine. One shot in the scene shows Kitty using a wire frame mask with gauze and pouring anesthetic from a can.

The cast of Gunsmoke
CBS-TV 1955-1975
Source: http://tnwordsmith.blogspot.com/2012/06/gunsmoke-journal-1-dodge-city-and-me.html